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Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Triglycerides are a form of fat that the body uses for energy storage and transporting. Triglycerides account for the vast majority of fat stored in the human body. The different types of triglycerides are named according to the length of the glycerol chains they contain. Some of the names for specific triglycerides you may have heard include oleic acid and palmitic acid.
Triglycerides are best thought of as the means for storing and transporting the fatty acids we need for fuel. We get our triglycerides from two sources: from manufacturing them ourselves, and from the food we eat. Triglycerides we make. Triglycerides are synthesized in our liver and by our fat cells at times when food is plentiful. For instance, when we eat a high-carbohydrate meal, any excess carbs carbs that are not needed right then for fuel are converted to triglycerides.
The liver releases these newly-made triglycerides into the bloodstream, in the form of VLDL very low-density lipoproteins. The VLDL delivers the triglycerides to fat cells for long-term storage. Triglycerides we eat. Because one triglyceride molecule yields three fatty acid molecules with as much as 16 or more carbons in each one, fat molecules yield more energy than carbohydrates and are an important source of energy for the human body.
Triglycerides yield more than twice the energy per unit mass when compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Therefore, when glucose levels are low, triglycerides can be converted into acetyl CoA molecules and used to generate ATP through aerobic respiration. This fatty acyl CoA combines with carnitine to create a fatty acyl carnitine molecule, which helps to transport the fatty acid across the mitochondrial membrane.
Once inside the mitochondrial matrix, the fatty acyl carnitine molecule is converted back into fatty acyl CoA and then into acetyl CoA Figure If excessive acetyl CoA is created from the oxidation of fatty acids and the Krebs cycle is overloaded and cannot handle it, the acetyl CoA is diverted to create ketone bodies. These ketone bodies can serve as a fuel source if glucose levels are too low in the body.
Ketones serve as fuel in times of prolonged starvation or when patients suffer from uncontrolled diabetes and cannot utilize most of the circulating glucose. In both cases, fat stores are liberated to generate energy through the Krebs cycle and will generate ketone bodies when too much acetyl CoA accumulates.
Organs that have classically been thought to be dependent solely on glucose, such as the brain, can actually use ketones as an alternative energy source. This keeps the brain functioning when glucose is limited. When ketones are produced faster than they can be used, they can be broken down into CO 2 and acetone. The acetone is removed by exhalation. This effect provides one way of telling if a diabetic is properly controlling the disease. The carbon dioxide produced can acidify the blood, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous condition in diabetics.
Ketones oxidize to produce energy for the brain. The carbon within the acetoacetyl CoA that is not bonded to the CoA then detaches, splitting the molecule in two.
These two acetyl CoA molecules are then processed through the Krebs cycle to generate energy Figure When glucose levels are plentiful, the excess acetyl CoA generated by glycolysis can be converted into fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, steroids, and bile salts. This process, called lipogenesis , creates lipids fat from the acetyl CoA and takes place in the cytoplasm of adipocytes fat cells and hepatocytes liver cells. In addition to cutting calories, reduce your intake of saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol, and eat more fruits and vegetables.
If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation, because even small amounts can cause significant changes in your blood triglyceride level. Getting regular moderate-intensity exercise, at least 30 minutes five days a week, can also help lower your triglycerides.
Stephanie Chandler is a freelance writer whose master's degree in biomedical science and over 15 years experience in the scientific and pharmaceutical professions provide her with the knowledge to contribute to health topics. Chandler has been writing for corporations and small businesses since In addition to writing scientific papers and procedures, her articles are published on Overstock.
What Is the Function of Triglycerides? Healthy Eating Nutrition Protein. This type of fat comes from animal products, such as red meats and whole-milk dairy foods. Choose lean meats, and replace full-fat dairy items with low-fat and nonfat versions.
Consume less total fat in your diet. Consume less simple carbohydrates, such as table sugar and syrup. Limit your intake of baked goods made with white flour and sugar. Instead, choose complex carbohydrates, such as found in whole-wheat flour, brown rice, and vegetables.
Eat foods high in omega-3 fatty acids. These fats, found in fish, play a role in helping keep triglycerides down. Salmon, albacore tuna, sardines, and herring all have a lot of omega-3s. Get 25 to 30 grams of fiber a day. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread and brown rice, are great sources. Cut back on alcohol. For some people, drinking even a little bit can have a big effect on triglycerides.
Talk with your doctor about how much, if any, alcohol you may consume. Ask your doctor to help you measure your body mass index BMI. This is a measurement that relates your height to your weight. Nicotinic acid is sold as both a prescription drug and a dietary supplement.
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