What makes development unsustainable

The policies and programmes in response to the impact of climate change are scant in coverage and ineffective in implementation.

Rather, these are focused more on dealing with the symptoms than with the root causes. Nepal is one of the lowest energy consumers in the world, hence its contribution to environmental degradation due to energy consumption is also minimal. Its energy consumption level was 7. Decreasing biodiversity and increasing genetic destruction and degradation are also threats to sustainable development.

According to Article 1, the objectives of the CBD are: conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.

As a party to the Convention, the country has prepared biodiversity conservation policies, strategies and plans, including the Nepal Biodiversity Strategy in The goal of this strategy is to provide a strategic planning framework for the conservation of biodiversity, the maintenance of ecological processes and systems and the equitable sharing of the benefits accrued.

The country harbours ecosystems, 75 vegetation types and 35 forest types with significant presence of species and genetic diversity. Loss of ecosystems is due to conversion of the natural environment forests, grasslands and wetlands to other human uses. For example, the forest habitat is reported to be decreasing at an annual rate of 1.

Other problems such as soil erosion, landslides and land degradation, which are most pronounced in the mid-hills and high mountain ecological zones during the summer monsoons, are due to lack of public awareness and improper land use by farmers. While the use of green revolution technology improved the situation of food insecurity and poverty in some parts of the country, even if temporarily, it has destroyed long-used indigenous systems.

Most of the research focused on short-term results and not on the sustainable and stable solutions that were the basis of indigenous knowledge and skills. In addition agriculture is now almost completely based on imported inputs that frequently need to be replaced. The Nepalese are highly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods, and extreme levels of poverty have been forcing people to use marginal resources in unsustainable ways.

For example, they may have no other option than to cultivate unstable slopes or encroach on areas for agriculture that are meant for other uses, and they have low levels of investment for increasing production.

A culture of impunity coupled with escalating corruption is also a challenge to sustainable development in Nepal. The dwindling political commitment to country ownership and local systems is a further challenge. Visit our continually updated special report. Endangered species — Learn more about the conservation battle in our comprehensive special report. Energy and Fuels — Learn more about the looming energy crisis in our comprehensive special report.

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