Possibly the largest Klan parade in history, around 40, men and women march down Pennsylvania Avenue decked out in their white Klan robes, a scene which reflects the group's resurgence during the s. All but one are satisfied; failure to meet every condition leads the Senate to reject full U. While America will work with the World Court and the League of Nations over the next decade, it never becomes a member of either.
While it helps the Republican Party weather the investigations of corruption under Harding, it further weakens the already deteriorating national economy. France and the United States sign an agreement that eventually cancels sixty percent of the French debt from the Great War.
Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett make the first successful flight over the North Pole. The U. Marines land in Nicaragua to quiet a revolt. America military forces will maintain a presence in Nicaragua until The Air Commerce Act is passed by Congress. While the federal government already subsidized airmail, this act gave the Commerce Department regulatory powers over sectors of the aviation industry, such as the licensing of pilots and aircrafts. A naval ammunition depot at Lake Denmark, New Jersey, explodes after it is struck by lightning.
The Supreme Court rules that the President has the right to remove cabinet members at his own discretion. The ruling nullifies the Tenure of Office Act, which required consent of the Senate in order to restrict the powers of President Andrew Johnson during Reconstruction. Congress creates the Federal Radio Commission to regulate this burgeoning field of national and international communication. In doing so, lawmakers continue the trend of imposing increasing federal regulation on private sectors of the economy.
The Supreme Court rules that a Texas law prohibiting black people from voting in Democratic primaries is unconstitutional. Charles A. Lindbergh completes the first transatlantic flight, traversing the distance from New York to Paris in his monoplane, the Spirit of St.
Louis , in less than thirty-four hours. A year later, Amelia Earhart will become the first woman to make the flight. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed in Massachusetts for their alleged murder of a factory guard, despite protests that the two men had been unfairly prosecuted for their radical beliefs.
Soon after, however, the government revokes all rights to oil-rich territories, generating fierce protest by American businessmen. The United States recognizes new president Alvaro Obregon on the condition that he grant American firms subsoil rights.
Under such pressure, the Mexican Supreme Court rules the law unconstitutional, returning all rights back to American companies. The Democratic Party nominates Alfred E. Smith for President and Joseph T. Robinson for vice president. A Catholic, Smith will have his loyalty questioned during the campaign as religious prejudice plays a key role in the election.
Richard E. Byrd begins the first leg of his flight to the South Pole in Antarctica. Reaching the pole in November, Byrd explores and studies the continent for the next twenty years. Named for its two principal authors, Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand, the pact outlaws war as a means to settle disputes, substituting diplomacy and world opinion for armed conflict.
Ultimately signed by 62 nations, the pact is more symbolic than practical, though Kellogg would win the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts the following year. Hoover wins the presidential election in an apparent landslide, electoral votes to Smith's In fact, the popular vote shows a much closer race, with 21,, for Hoover and 15,, for Smith.
Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F.
Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. University of Virginia Miller Center.
Breadcrumb U. August 3, Coolidge was in Vermont at the time and was sworn in as president of the United States by his father, a notary public. After assuming office, Coolidge addressed Congress for the first time in December In , he signed the Revenue Act of , which reduced inheritance and personal income taxes.
He also signed the Immigration Act of , or the Johnson-Reid Act, which reduced immigration to the United States from parts of Europe and ended immigration from Japan.
In , Coolidge ran for president as the Republican nominee. Charles Dawes was chosen as the vice presidential nominee. Coolidge and Dawes defeated the Democratic candidate, John W. Davis, and the Progressive party candidate, Robert LaFollette. Coolidge signed the Revenue Act of , which further reduced federal taxes. The federal debt and budget deficits also fell over the course his presidency, and his administration limited federal regulation. In foreign affairs, Coolidge authorized representatives including Vice President Dawes to develop what became known as the Dawes plan to resolve European financial disputes stemming from the conclusion of World War I.
His administration entered into the Kellogg-Briand Pact with the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, and Germany, which called for peaceful settlement of international disputes. Major events that took place during Coolidge's presidency include Charles Lindbergh's first transatlantic flight and the first connection of a radio telephone system between New York and London.
In , Coolidge announced that he would not run for re-election. Coolidge was married to Grace Anna Goodhue from until his death. Together they had two sons: John and Calvin, Jr. They defeated James Cox and Franklin Roosevelt in the election. Every year in office, the president of the United States addresses Congress on the present state of affairs as well as the administration's goals for the coming year. Ballotpedia features , encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers.
Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Share this page Follow Ballotpedia. What's on your ballot? They had two sons, John and Calvin Jr. Coolidge launched his career in politics in , when he was elected to the Northampton, Massachusetts, city council. He then began a quiet but methodical climb up the political ladder, serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives , as mayor of Northampton, as a state congressman, as a state senator and as lieutenant governor.
During this period, Coolidge studied public policy questions, made speeches and steadily gained influence with Republican Party leaders. He developed a reputation as a pro-business conservative who strove to make government lean and efficient. In , Coolidge was elected governor of Massachusetts. He was catapulted into the national spotlight the following year, when the Boston police force went on strike and riots broke out across the city. Coolidge sent in the state guard to restore order and then took a strong stand against rehiring the striking police officers.
As the U. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won the election in a landslide and the men took office in March The differences served Coolidge well as he worked to clean up the corruption that had plagued the Harding administration.
He appointed a special counsel to investigate the Teapot Dome oil-lease scandal in which the U. Daugherty Coolidge ran for president in and won decisively over the Democratic candidate, U. Representative John W. Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin. He cut taxes, limited government spending and stacked regulatory commissions with people sympathetic to business.
Coolidge remained popular throughout his presidency. The Roaring Twenties were a time of fast-paced social, cultural and technological changes, and many Americans lived boisterously and spent extravagantly. Women also voted, having won that right with the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U. Constitution in Jazz music and Art Deco architecture flourished. Charles Lindbergh made his pioneering solo airplane flight across the Atlantic Ocean in More people owned automobiles and purchased mass-produced goods such as canned foods.
During this era of societal transformation, Coolidge served as a sort of father figure.
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