COMPTON, while professor of physics in Princeton University, performed and inspired a great deal of work on the phenomena of the electric discharge in gases, on the emission of electrons from surfaces and on ionization by electron impact.
He is now president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The discovery of the electron, and the application of the electron ideas, first to gas discharges, then to radioactivity, spectroscopy and atomic structure, opened a most rapid advance in physical science, leading up to contemporary views of atomic structure and of chemistry.
Applied to technical sciences, particularly in the communication industries, the electron has assumed great commercial and social significance. Reprints and Permissions. History and Significance of the Electron. Nature , Download citation. He also suggested that the nuclei of elements other than hydrogen must contain electrically neutral particles with approximately the same mass as the proton. The neutron, however, was not discovered until , when James Chadwick —, a student of Rutherford; Nobel Prize in Physics, discovered it.
Instead, they are distributed according to a set of principles described by Quantum Mechanics. Atoms are the ultimate building blocks of all matter. The modern atomic theory establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter. Atoms, the smallest particles of an element that exhibit the properties of that element, consist of negatively charged electrons around a central nucleus composed of more massive positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.
Radioactivity is the emission of energetic particles and rays radiation by some substances. Learning Objectives To become familiar with the components and structure of the atom. Radioactivity The second line of investigation began in , when the French physicist Henri Becquerel — discovered that certain minerals, such as uranium salts, emitted a new form of energy. This photo was taken in the dark in the Curie laboratory.
Relative deflections are not shown to scale. The Atomic Model Once scientists concluded that all matter contains negatively charged electrons, it became clear that atoms, which are electrically neutral, must also contain positive charges to balance the negative ones.
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Who Really Discovered the Electron? Chapter: p.
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